Spatial dependence and the relationship of soil organic carbon and soil moisture in the Luquillo Experimental Forest,Puerto Rico

We used geo-spatial statistical techniques to examine the spatial variation and relationship of soil organic carbon (SOC) and soil moisture (SM) in the Luquillo Experimental Forest (LEF), Puerto Rico, in order to test the hypothesis that mountainous terrain introduces spatial autocorrelation and crosscorrelation in ecosystem and soil properties. Soil samples (n = 100) were collected from the LEF in the summer of 1998 and analyzed for SOC, SM, and bulk density (BD). A global positioning system was used to georeference the location of each sampling site. At each site, elevation, slope and aspect were recorded. We calculated the isotropic and anisotropic semivariograms of soil and topographic properties, as well as the cross-variograms between SOC and SM, and between SOC and elevation. Then we used four models (random, linear, spherical and wave/hole) to test the semi-variances of SOC, SM, BD, elevation, slope and aspect for spatial dependence. Our results indicate that all the studied properties except slope angle exhibit spatial dependence within the scale of sampling (200 – 1000 m sampling interval). The spatially structured variance (the variance due to the location of sampling sites) accounted for a large proportion of the sample variance for elevation (99%), BD (90%), SOC (68%), aspect (56%) and SM (44%). The ranges of spatial dependence (the distances within which parameters are spatially dependent) for aspect, SOC, elevation, SM, and BD were 9810 m, 3070 m, 1120 m, 930 m and 430 m, respectively. Cross correlograms indicate that SOC varies closely with elevation and SM depending on the distances between samples. The correlation can shift from positive to negative as the separation distance increases. Larger ranges of spatial dependence of SOC, aspect and elevation indicate that the distribution of SOC in the LEF is determined by a combination of biotic (e.g., litterfall) and abiotic factors (e.g., microclimate and topographic features) related to elevation and aspect. This demonstrates the importance of both elevation and topographic gradients in controlling climate, vegetation distribution and soil properties as well as the associated biogeochemical processes in the LEF.This revised version was published online in May 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

优质耐贮中华猕猴桃新品种‘丰悦’、‘翠玉’

 ‘丰悦’、‘翠玉’是从野生猕猴桃资源中选育出的优质良种, 均果大质优, 平均单果质量均为90 g 左右, 最大127. 8 g、129 g。肉质细嫩多汁, 味甜, 香气浓, 可溶性固形物含量分别达13. 5%~ 15. 8%和14. 5%~ 17. 3%, 最高达19. 0%和19. 5% , 维生素C 含量分别达840~ 1 630 和930~ 1 430 mg/ kg。果实耐贮藏, ‘翠玉’20℃下可贮藏30 d 左右。在长沙‘丰悦’9月中下旬成熟; ‘翠玉’10月上旬成熟。     

气调及温度对杂拟谷盗发育和繁殖的影响

杂拟谷盗Tribolium confusum Jacquelin du Val是重要储藏物害虫之一,主要危害面粉。笔者研究了气调及温度对杂拟谷盗生长发育和繁殖的影响,旨在弄清杂拟谷盗在低氧、低药(双低)环境中的生物学及生态学特性,为有效地控制该虫提供理论依据。 1 材料与方法采用两种气调环境5％O_2、12％CO__2(CA_1)和9％O_2、16％CO_2(CA_2)以及非气调环境     

土壤改良对越桔生长的影响

在盆栽条件下,对生长越桔的土壤进行改良。通过土壤pH值的变化、生长量及相关指标的分析对比,获得适合越桔生长的土壤改良类型。试验研究表明,pH值4.0～5.0的苔藓 草炭 原土 S土壤改良类型适合于越桔的生长,植株的高度、粗度、基生枝数等都明显增加。从各指标上观察,原土 2S的土壤改良类型也具有一定优势,说明在土壤有机质充足的基础上,只需调酸,越桔就能正常生长。     

利用ZXX-65真空循环熏蒸设备熏蒸仓储害虫的研究

用ZXX-65真空循环熏蒸设备在不同真空压力、熏蒸时间、药剂浓度条件下对选定的典型仓储实验试虫进行熏蒸，根据杀虫效果，筛选出害虫的最优熏蒸条件组合。结果表明，ZXX-65真空循环熏蒸设备可以在2h内杀死各种仓储害虫。40000Pa，60g/m^3，2h为仓储害虫的最优熏蒸条件组合。     

桃品种需冷量评价模式的探讨

 通过1986～2001年对450余份桃品种需冷量的7．2℃模式、0～7．2℃模式(不包括0℃)和犹它模式比较分析，归纳出桃品种需冷量的评价模式为：以秋季日平均温度稳定低于7．2~C的日期为需冷量测定的起点，以0～7．2℃累积低温值作为需冷量的评价标准比较适宜；犹它模式在中需冷量和长需冷量范围内能有效预测休眠的结束，而不适宜低需冷量品种的测定；7．2℃模式不适宜作为需冷量的评价模式。品种的需冷量与叶芽开放和始花期的相关系数分别为0．52和0．58，均达到极显著水平。提出了桃品种需冷量评价的系列标准参照品种。     

燕麦枯对环境生物的安全性评价

本文报道了杂环类内吸性除草剂燕麦枯（ｄｉｆｅｎｚｏｑｕａｔ）对家蚕，蜜蜂，广赤眼蜂，瓢虫，蚯蚓及土壤微生物种群的生物活性测定结果，该结果表明，燕麦枯在高于使用剂量下对供试的生物种群的没有明显影响，由此推断，在推荐用量下燕麦枯不会造成对田间生物种群的破坏。     

小麦化感作用物的提取,分离及其对白茅的杀除效果

小麦颖壳提取物经3520树脂分离后,对所得甲醇洗脱物离心,分得油类似物、上清液及沉淀物。前两个组分在300mg/L的浓度下,对白茅生长抑制率分别为100％和98％。上清液经硅胶柱分离,得7个亚组分,其中第1、3和7号亚组分在500mg/L浓度下对白茅生长的抑制率分别为95％、91％和95％。第3亚组分经葡聚糖凝胶柱分离,又分得A、B、C 3个组分,褐色粉末状的B组分在1000mg/L浓度下使白茅的生长量下降81％。从而证明小麦颖壳对白茅的化感作用是由多个化感物共同作用的结果。室内和温室及大田的测定结果表明,小麦颖壳中的甲醇洗脱物在24mg/株的剂量下对白茅生长的抑制率可达90％以上。这暗示,小麦颖壳中的甲醇可溶物可望开发成为防治白茅的生物除草剂。     

非自然越夏区小麦白粉病模拟鉴定病圃

作者于1990～1995年根据陕西省关中麦区小麦白粉病侵染循环特点,人工模拟自然发病条件,在非自然越夏区杨陵(省农科院试验地)成功地建立起白粉病菌可周年存活,且秋、春季均能充分诱发感染的混合菌系病圃,宜对小麦种质材料进行全生育期抗白粉病鉴定。利用该病圃已对陕西省1000余份小麦品种(系)及部分国内外抗源亲本材料做了抗病性鉴定和利用评价。